按用途分
a、地上卧式储罐地上卧式储罐指的是卧式储罐基础高于或等于相邻区域低标高的卧式储罐,或卧式储罐埋没深度小于本身高度一半的卧式储罐。地上卧式储罐是目前炼油企业常见的一类卧式储罐,它易于建造,便于管理和维修,但蒸发损耗大,着火危险性大。
b、埋地卧(wo)式储(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)地下(xia)卧(wo)式储(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)指的(de)是罐(guan)(guan)(guan)内高(gao)油面液位低于(yu)相邻区域(yu)的(de)低标高(gao)0.2m,且(qie)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)顶上覆土厚度不小(xiao)于(yu)0.5m的(de)卧(wo)式储(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)。这(zhei)类卧(wo)式储(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)损耗低,着火的(de)危险性(xing)小(xiao)。
c、半地下卧(wo)式(shi)(shi)储罐(guan)半地下卧(wo)式(shi)(shi)储罐(guan)指的(de)是卧(wo)式(shi)(shi)储罐(guan)埋没深度超过(guo)罐(guan)高(gao)的(de)一(yi)半,卧(wo)式(shi)(shi)储罐(guan)内高(gao)油面(mian)液位比相邻(lin)区域(yu)低标高(gao)不高(gao)出(chu)2m的(de)卧(wo)式(shi)(shi)储罐(guan)。
常(chang)见(jian)的(de)金属卧式(shi)(shi)(shi)储罐(guan)(guan)(guan)形状,一般(ban)是立式(shi)(shi)(shi)圆(yuan)柱(zhu)形、卧式(shi)(shi)(shi)圆(yuan)柱(zhu)形、球形等(deng)几(ji)种。立式(shi)(shi)(shi)圆(yuan)柱(zhu)形卧式(shi)(shi)(shi)储罐(guan)(guan)(guan)根据顶(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)结(jie)构又(you)可分为桁(heng)架顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)、无力矩顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)、梁柱(zhu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)、拱(gong)(gong)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)、套顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)浮(fu)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng),其(qi)中常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)是拱(gong)(gong)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)浮(fu)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)。拱(gong)(gong)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)结(jie)构比较简单,常(chang)用(yong)(yong)来(lai)储存原料油、成(cheng)品油和(he)芳烃产品。浮(fu)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)分内浮(fu)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)外浮(fu)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)两种,罐(guan)(guan)(guan)内有钢浮(fu)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)浮(fu)在油面(mian)上,随着油面(mian)升降。浮(fu)顶(ding)(ding)(ding)不仅降低了(le)油品的(de)消(xiao)耗,而(er)且(qie)减少了(le)发生火灾的(de)危险性和(he)对大气的(de)污(wu)染(ran)。
尤其是内(nei)浮(fu)顶罐,蒸发损耗(hao)较小,可以减(jian)少空(kong)气对(dui)(dui)油品的氧化,保证储存油品的质量,对(dui)(dui)消防比较有利(li)。目(mu)前内(nei)浮(fu)顶罐在国内(nei)外被广泛用于储存易挥发的轻质油品,是一种被应用的不锈钢储罐。